Curriculum and Material Development

THE TEACHING PROCESS The focus here is on the teaching practices that occur within a program, how these can be characterized, and how quality teaching can be achieved and maintained. a. Teaching Model and Principles This book has emphasized the curriculum as a network of interacting system involving teacher, learners, materials, school, administrator, and curriculum planners, and choices ay one level affect other elements in the system. Thus the choice of a particular curriculum philosophy or ideology implies a particular model of teaching.Roberts (1998, 103) compares two teaching models implicit in many language program: the operative model and the problem problem-solving model: ? Operative is model the teacher is restricted to meeting the requirements of a centralized system, such as the delivery of a textbook as planned, to a set timescale. Such as limited role, limited to that of curriculum transmission, implies training objectives based of mastery of a set of competencies determ ined by the centralized syllabus. ? Problem solver is model a decentralized curriculum gives teachers greater autonomy in making educational decisions.A diversified teacher to able to diagnose problems and adapt materials and design original learning activities. The former can viewed as a teaching model compatible with a mechanistic model of organization design and the latter to the organic model. In language teaching programs, teaching models are often based on particular methods or approaches. For example: †¢ The communicative approach : the focus of teaching is authentic communication; extensive use is made of pair and group activities that involve negotiation of meaning and information sharing.Fluency is a priority. †¢ The cooperative learning model : students work in cooperative learning situations and are encouraged to work together on common task and to coordinate their efforts to complete task. Rewards system in group †¢ The process approach : In writing class es, student take part in activities that develop their understanding of writing as a process. †¢ The whole-language approach : Students are taught to read and write naturally, with a focus on real communication, authentic texts and reading and writing for pleasure.Rather than drawing approach or method, the teaching model in a program in a program may be based on a coherent set of participles that reflect how teaching and learning should be approached. This is the teaching philosophy of the program and serves as the basis for decisions about classroom methodology. Articulating a teaching philosophy in this way can help clarify decision relating to choice of classroom activities, materials, and teacher evaluation.In the case of a teaching model that is based on an existing teaching model such as communicative language teaching, the philosophy and principles of the model are accepted as givens : teachers are expected to be familiar with them and to put the principles into practic e. Teacher teaching in different ways. Even thought two teachers work toward identical goals they may choose different ways of getting there. Teachers bring to teaching their own personal beliefs and principles and these help to account for how they teach.Teachers principles are a product of their experience, their training and their beliefs. Bellows are the example of teacher' principles cited by Breen are: †¢ selectively focus on the form of the language †¢ selectively focus on vocabulary or meaning †¢ enable the learners to use the language †¢ address learners' mental-processing capacities †¢ make the new language familiar and manageable †¢ monitor learner progress and provide feedback †¢ facilitate learner responsibility †¢ manage the lesson and the group b. Maintaining Good Teaching Quality teaching can't simply be assumed to happen.It results from an active, ongoing effort on the part of teachers and administrators to ensure that good te aching practices are being maintained. This involved the establishment of shared commitment to quality teaching and the selection of appropriate measures to bring it about. The following are strategies that address this issue. 1. Monitoring Information needs to be collected regularly on all aspects of the program to find out how teacher are teaching the course, what is working well or proving difficult and what issues teachers need to resolve.Monitoring can take place through formal and informal mechanism such as group meetings, written reports, classroom visit, and student’s evaluations. 2. Observation Regular observation of teachers by other teachers or supervisors can provide positive feedback on teaching as well as help identify areas that might need attention. Observation may, but need not, involve evaluation. Peer observation can also be used to enable teachers to share approaches and teaching strategies. This might include information on how students complete a learnin g activity or the type and frequency or questions the teacher uses.Teacher can also make use of self observation to see what it tells them about their teaching. 3. Identification and resolution of problems Timely identification of problems in a program is essential to ensure that small problems do not develop into bigger ones. Good communication systems can help ensure that problems are brought to the attention of teachers or supervisors for timely resolutions. 4. Shared planning Teachers often work in isolation and do not always have the opportunities to benefit from the collective expertise of their colleagues.One way to avoid this is to build on opportunities for collaborative planning, as when teachers work together in pairs or groups on course planning, material development and lesson planning. During the process of planning, potential problems can often be identified and resolved. 5. Documentation and sharing of good practices A great deal of excellent teaching goes on in scho ols, but much of it is known only to individual teachers or supervisors. Teachers should be encouraged to report on their positive teaching experiences.For example, teacher might write short case accounts of a successful course they taught and share them with other teachers or post them in the Internet. They could write short articles for an in-house newsletter or teacher' magazine. Classes can be video-recorded to provide input to workshops or teaching-training sessions. Meetings or â€Å"mini-conferences† can be arranged in which teachers report on classroom innovations or other activities they wish to share with colleagues. 6. Self-study of the program Self-study involves a study of a program's practices and values as part of the process of self-evaluation and review.It is part of the process of demonstrating a commitment to quality and to long-term goals and professional development. A self-study should be undertaken every three to five years and involves teachers, admini strator, and students in a process of examining all aspect of a schools' operations (Kelly 1988) self-study involves a study of a program's practices and values as part of the process of self-evaluation and review. It is part of the process of demonstrating a commitment to quality and to long-term goals and professional development.A self-study should be undertaken every three to five years and involves teachers, administrator, and students in a process of examining all aspect of a schools' operations (Kelly 1988). c. Evaluating Teaching If a program seeks to provide quality teaching, it is essential that teachers’ performance be regularly reviewed. An appraisal system may have several different purposes: †¢ To reward teachers for good performance †¢ To help identify needs for further training †¢ To reinforce the need for continuous staff development †¢ To help improve teaching †¢ To provide a basis contract renewal and promotion To demonstrate an int erest in teachers’ performance and development The purpose of the appraisal will determine the type of appraisal that is carried out. 1. Developing the appraisal system An appraisal system is likely to have greater credibility if it represents both teachers and administrators views. It should therefore be produced collaboratively and represent all point of view. However, any appraisal system needs to recognize that there is no single correct way conduct of teaching. Teacher have different styles of teaching, and two teachers may conduct their classes very differently yet both be excellent teachers.Therefore, criteria for the complexity of teaching as well as the fact that it is a uniquely individual activity. In language teaching, there are no universally accepted criteria for assessing teacher effectiveness and several different kind of appraisal approaches are used. Criteria are generally established on an institutional basis, drawing on general principles for teacher effec tiveness and factors specific to the type of program in which the teacher work. Murdoch (1997) contains a questionnaire designed to the perceived qualities and competencies of good English teacher, and organized according to three areas. .The focus of appraisal Although appraisal usually involves observation of a teacher teaching one or more classes, the focus of appraisal may include a number of other aspects of a teacher’s work, such as: a. Lesson plans b. Teacher-made classroom materials c. Course outlines and handouts d. Class assignments e. Participation in profession development activities 3. Conducting the appraisal A teaching appraisal may be carried out by a supervisor, a colleague, the teacher himself or herself, or students. Appraisal by a supervisor: supervisor often assume the role of appraiser, though many teacher find that they prefer appraisal to be carried by someone other than a supervisor.The presence of a supervisor in the classroom may inhibit the teacher from performing to his or her best. In addition, if the supervisor is largely an administrator rather than a classroom teacher, he or she may not have a good understanding of the classroom situation, resulting in misperceptions about different aspect of the lesson. In order to provide some consistency to appraisals, checklists are often used. Appraisal by a colleague: peer appraisal is generally less threatening for a teacher than appraisal by a colleague and may result in more constructive feedback. A colleague will often have a better understanding of the difficulties a teacher faces and perhaps be able to suggest useful easy of addressing them. †¢Self-appraisal : teacher themselves are often in a good position to assess their own teacher and self-appraisal is perhaps the threatening form of teacher assessment. Self-appraisal may take a variety of forms : o Lesson reports : The teacher may use structured descriptions of a lesson whit an evaluation of each component. Teaching journal : The teacher keep a regular journal about his or her class, and describe and reflect on different aspects of planning and teaching the course. o Audio/video recording : The teacher may record a number of lesson of his or her class or arrange to have someone else record them, review the recordings, and comment on the strengths or weaknesses of the lesson. o Student appraisal : Student are in a good position to assess the effectiveness of teaching, although the extent to which they are able to do so depends on the type of feedback instrument they are given.Although students often critical, they usually have a good sense of whether a teacher prepares his or her lesson, teacher relevant content, provides lesson that are engaging, relevant and at an appropriate level of difficulty. 4. THE LEARNING PROCESS Learning is not the mirror image of teaching. The extent to which teaching achieves its goals will also dependent on how successfully learners have been considered in the plan ning and delivery process. The following factors may affect how successfully a course is received by learners. .Understanding of the course Understanding of the course very important to ensure the learners understanding to the goals of the course, the reason for the way it is organized and taught, and the approaches to learning they will be encouraged to take. b. View of learning Learners enter a course with their own views of teaching and learning and these may not be identical to those of their teachers. Al Corso and Kalantzis (1985) found that teacher rates the usefulness of ommunicative activities highly, whereas their learners tended to favor more traditional activities such as grammar exercises, copying written material, memorizing, and drill work. Course may assume a variety of different learner roles, such as:†¢ Manager of his or her own learning †¢ Independent learner †¢ Need analyst †¢ Collaborator and team member †¢ Peer tutor c. Learning Style Le arning styles may be an important factor in the success of teaching and may not necessarily reflect those that teachers recommended. In a study of the learning style, Willing found four different learner types such as: Concrete learners These learners preferred learning by games, picture, films and video, taking in pairs, learning through the use of cassettes, and going on excursions †¢ Analytical learners These learners liked studying grammar, studying English books, studying alone, finding their own mistakes, having problems to work on, and learning through reading newspapers †¢ Communicative learnersThis group liked to learn by observing and listening to native speakers, taking to friends in English, watching TV in English, learning English words by hearing them and learning by conversations Authority-oriented learners These students liked the teacher to explain everything, writing everything in a notebook, having their own textbook, learning to read, studying grammar, and learning English words by seeing them d. Motivation Beside of learning style, motivations also important to find out what the learner’s motivations are for taking the course. e. Support Support mechanism provided for learners are another component of course delivery. These include the kinds of feedback learners will get about their learning and opportunities that are provided for faster or slower learners.CONCLUSION In this paper we are discussed about â€Å"providing for effective teaching† which have four factors, which are: ? Institutional factors Institutional factor has correlation about the institution organizational, institutional quality, good internal communication between administrator and the teacher also professional teacher and opportunities for developing teacher's ability. ? Teacher factors Teacher factor discuss about teacher' skill and qualification, the aspect for supporting teacher to do their responsibility. ? Teaching factorsTeaching process is the way to monitoring process teaching-learning based on the model and principle which chosen by its institution, than maintenance when found the error process and also evaluating teaching. ? Learners factors The last factor to achieve quality teaching is learner factor. Learner factor is the way to know what the learner need, how to choose the appropriate learning style, giving motivation and also support to the pupils REFERENCE Jack C. Richards. 2001. Curriculum Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press

Men Should Get Paternity Leave from Work Essay

Why not? In today’s world where gender equality is slowly taking importance, men getting paternity leave does not seem like an alien idea. Maternity leaves are never objectionable however when it comes to paternity leaves it becomes one of the most controversial topics of all times. Reasons for maternity leaves are well justified as the women have to carry the child with them as part of their body until the child is born but there are justified reasons for the paternity leave as well. Men have just as much right, need and obligation to spend quality time bonding with and caring for a newborn. With families living isolated from close relatives, it may be difficult for the mother’s family to support her after the birth of the baby as was tradition. Now introducing paternity leave, the father can play this important role. Men should get paternity leave from work for a reasonable amount of time, because becoming a parent is a life-changing event that they need to be a part of. Statistics have proven that men that are an active part of their children’s births and are present for the few weeks after have a stronger bond with their children, making them better fathers, and giving the children a better environment to grow up in. When a woman gives birth to a child, it is emotionally and physically draining. If a father has the opportunity to stay home for the first couple of weeks to care for both his wife and his new child, it will make a world of difference. I don’t believe that paternity leave needs to be several months like maternity leave is. But giving men a few weeks will have a positive effect on home, family life, and happiness. There is always a moral support when the man is there in the house. A man on paternity leave may dedicatedly serve his partner. Not all out of house assignments can be carried out by a pregnant woman. Giving the maternity leaves alone can’t help the women completely as how would they overcome the needs at critical times. No one understands her better than her husband. Gone are the days when there used to be joint families. Most of the policies existing today are based on policies formulated during those days only. Nowadays people prefer living lives their way. When the number of members in the family are restricted to husband and wife only, it becomes difficult for the lady to cope with even the minor requirements. It is not always feasible to call the neighbors especially in the metropolitan where all are busy and you really do not know much about them. In a world where nobody has the time to stand and take a deep breath paternity leaves come in handy as it allows the men to take a break from their hectic schedules and give time to their family. It is a common scene these days that due to work pressure the employees cancels or postpones number of personal commitments which are seldom recognized by the organizations. Certain jobs require lot of outstation travels hence they get the least time to support their partner when she needs them the most. Sometimes the irony is that the traveling is increased during those critical periods leaving the men regretted forever. Paternity leaves will help people in this sector. I would like to conclude by saying that both the father and the mother should get a set amount of time they can distribute among themselves as parental leave. This would allow flexibility and is the most fair option. Only allowing women to get leave is sexist, but requiring an equal split would ignore the personal needs of families.

NCMMOD5CA

A beneficial method to use during negotiations is called collaborative principled negotiations.   The idea is for both parties to enter into the collaborative process with the focus on the interest, not positions. Previously, the parties would enter into negotiations with certain positions in mind and the positioned negotiations proved to be long and unsuccessful. This paper will discuss how trust is used in during principled negotiations and how BATNA makes the negotiations more successful than the previous positioned negotiations. The ideal way to begin negotiations is to create a collaborative team environment and separate the parties from the problem. The way to achieve this is to encourage the people focus on the interest at hand and not their specific positions. Together the parties can brainstorm and create a variety of solutions before making a final decision. The final agreement can be based on objective external standards and both parties can work together, through trust to find the Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA). â€Å"Integrating trust-building approaches into the collaborative team environment will help position teams and their respective companies for strategic competition in the marketplace† (Herzog, 2001,  ¶ 1). Any relationship involves giving a little and taking a little – cooperation, trust, and meeting expectations. Business relationships are no different; they too require trust, cooperation, and having expectations being met by both parties. Macoby says, â€Å"Profitable partnering relationships between companies are cemented by building trust, not by contracts. A relentless assault of trust and respect is a major factor in making alliances work †¦ trust [is] the single most important ingredient in making ventures work. You have to be allied with someone whom you can work through problems. (1997) Life and any business relationship is easier if both parties know that they can trust the partners or other parties to uphold an agreement. Additionally, knowing that the other parties is not just in the relationship for ulterior motives helps keep ethics and honesty at the forefront of the collaborative partnership. On successful and unsuccessful projects, collaborators begin the projects with perceptions regarding their own and their fellow collaborators' motives and expectations. Collaborative teams on successful projects participate in the shared conditions and processes identified in the research. The result is open and honest communication, collaborating team members getting along, and a trusting environment. The consequence of this is that high levels of trust are built between the collaborators, the project is successful, and consideration is given to continuing the relationship. (Herzog, 2001,  ¶ 15) On unsuccessful projects, the processes and conditions for success are present. However, without collaborative sharing of these conditions and processes, understanding of others and open and honest communication does not result, conflict and misunderstanding is normal, and levels of trust are low. Consequently, the projects will likely be unsuccessful, the collaborators will not establish trusting relationships, and new collaborative projects will not result. (Herzog, 2001,  ¶ 16) Hartman and Romahn (1999) extensively researched various types of trust described by others. They found that trust falls into the three main categories of emotional trust, competency trust, and ethical trust. If people are aware of how trust affects them, they are better able to build that trust in a relationship. For example, when working on a business relationship and one of the parties knows that the other party does not feel there is a great deal of competency than the first party can work harder to prove competence and help sustain the relationship and build greater trust. Hartman and Romahn developed a model that shows how combinations of these three types of trust influence collaborative levels of trust. This study suggests that â€Å"collaborative sharing† may be instruments through which emotional, competency, and ethical trust are built on collaborative project teams (1999). The whole idea is to give a little and work together. Collaborative project teams are designed because the parties involved can become more and provide more when working together and helping one another through areas of strength and weakness. By working together the final product or service is superior to just party doing it alone. Principled negotiations are all about working together. Using principled negotiations helps the team collaborative effort because the effort is put forth to achieve success in the end rather than immediate gratification for one party or another. Trust is essential and strong foundations are built on trust and once both parties involved in the negotiations knows that the trust is present and unwavering, the ability to contribute more becomes more apparent and negotiations become a very successful result and future negotiations are less of a problem. References Hartman, E, & Romahn, E. (1999). Trust: A new tool for project managers. Project Management Institute 1999 Seminars & Symposium, Philadelphia, PA: Papers presented October 10 to October 16, 1999 [CD-ROM]. Newtown Square, PA: Project Management Institute. Herzog, V.L. (2001). Trust building on corporate collaborative project teams. Project Management Journal. Sylva: Mar 2001.Vol.32, Iss. 1; pg. 28, 10 pgs Macoby, M. (1997). Building trust is an art. Research Technology Management, 56-57.

Vulnerable Populations And Self Assessment Research Paper

Vulnerable Populations And Self Assessment - Research Paper Example The Belmont report of the year 1972 defined vulnerable population as the groups that because of their availability in the areas of the researches being conducted like hospitals, institutions, camps as well as prisons might sometimes bear the burden of the research that are unequal and thus there is the requirement of extra protection for these groups. The vulnerable populations of the society are generally the weaker sections like the women, children, the poor or the elderly people along with those who are mentally incapacitated. The vulnerable groups are not able to obtain and the use the rights of the society that they are entitled to by the declaration of the constitutional rights. (Ravindran, n.d: Chatterjee and Sheoran, 2007, pp 1- 6) In the last few decades the life expectancy of the general population of the society has experienced a significance increase. In most developed and the developing countries of the world with the following trend the life expectancy is assumed to exp erience a general increase over 80 years. Thus the elderly populations of the society are increasing. However the fast modern lives of the working population as well as the youths the person of providing cares to these elderly population of the society are on a considerable decrease. (Amrita institute of Medical Sciences, n.d) Thus the Geriatric population of the society is the vulnerable group chosen for the study.... The likelihood of living alone of the geriatric population also experience increase with their aging. Maximum of the elderly population live in communities with only 4 to 5 percent of the population of age group more than 65 years live in nursing home or other medical institutes as studied from the geriatric population of the American society. The general support systems for this section of the society are generally their family members, friends along with neighbors. However certain other support system also exits in modern societies that are the old age homes or the elder care agencies as well as the age centers (Gleich, 2009). In fact Sperry & Prosen (1996) rightly says that aging is basically a developmental course, and the elderly population would be addressed in a better way provided â€Å"theorists, clinicians, and researchers develop more positive images of aging†. This leads to a standard shift in our philosophy about the elderly person. to make this effective it is im portant to â€Å"confront the myths and misconceptions we have about aging and carefully consider the ever-increasing evidence that aging is in fact a development process† (Sperry & Prosen, 1996, p.3). They are characterized with negative thinking, low productivity and weakened health condition. With more health care facilities and social security provided to the section of the society the population with age more than 65, living below the poverty level have declined to about 9.8 percent in the year 2004 which is expected to experience more decrease in recent future. Study reveals that 36 percent of the total health care cost of the American society is

Dicken's and Wright Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dicken's and Wright - Essay Example ld, hard facts in numerous treatises and injunctions that would have few readers and fewer active responders, Dickens opted to include these details within his fictional stories while Wright opted to present his own autobiography in story form. In approaching the subjects in this way, these authors engaged readers’ hearts, minds and souls in the issues of the day. This method, referred to as realism, was quite effective in making the public more aware of the problems still to be overcome in London and elsewhere in a modernizing society. While Dickens concentrated on life in England’s cities, Wright attempted to demonstrate the conditions under which millions of black people were forced to live in the Jim Crow era of the American South. Both Charles Dickens’ Old Curiosity Shop and Richard Wright’s The Ethics of Living Jim Crow are effective in demonstrating how realism can establish the case for social change. The tragedy of the Old Curiosity Shop is that Nell Trent and her grandfather are unable to break out of the poverty of their lives and suffer wasting death as a result. Examining an excerpt from the 45th chapter of the book illustrates how the narrative provides grisly details of the life of the masses as they existed beneath or behind the glitz of the new machinery and wealth of the age. In this chapter, Nell and her grandfather are seen to walk through a ‘dismal town’ characterized by ‘shrinking leaves’ and ‘rank flowers’ to give an overall impression of the town as ‘blighting and unwholesome’ (83). Rather than having the excitement and promise typically associated with moving to a new place, Nell and her grandfather experience â€Å"the dark, depressing influence stale upon their spirits† and feel the weight of their poverty and struggle (83). Through his use of imagery and sensual description of the dirty industrial town described in this chapter, Dickens enables his readers to almost feel the realty of the polluted

The strategic options that are appropriate to Apple Coursework

The strategic options that are appropriate to Apple - Coursework Example According to the research findings there are various forces characterising the company’s operations. Though Apple boasted of an increase in the sales of the iPad tablet computer, the situation obtaining in the market has been a cause for concern from 2011 since this was likely to have an effect on the smartphone market. It can be seen that though Apple’s larger percentage of revenue came from other non computer products such as iPod and iPhone, there have been some changes in the Smartphone and Tablet industry given that it has been characterised by stiff competition as going to be explained below. However, Google’s development of the Android operating system resulted in the development of smartphones that matched a lot of iPhone’s best features. Google remained the greatest threat to Apple given that different smartphone makers were developing products similar to iPod and would run on the Android operating system. For instance, Acer entered the market for smartphone with the launch of its liquid line of stylish and high end smartphones which used Google’s Android operating system in 2009 and was later developed through the years until 2012. According to The New York Times, the aspect of competition in the Smartphone and Tablet industry cannot be ignored. For instance, Foxconn technology assembles nearly 40 % of all consumer electronics and counts and counts among its clients which include: Nintendo, Nokia, Samsung, Dell, Hewlett-Packard with its palm, Motorola and Sony. Though China presented a lucrative market for the Smartphones in 2010 to 2011, the main problem encountered was related to the emergence of counterfeit products. However, as noted above, with the market for Smartphones growing rapidly, competition was also becoming apparent particularly Google’s entry into the market with its android operating system. However, RIM grabbed the market share with its Blackberry service in 2011 which was specially designed to meet the needs of the business people

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Development - Essay Example I believe that you can be great provided you work hard and diligently plan your life. I believe in miracles, that faith can move mountains. I believe that no situation is permanent, and that the future for me and the generation to come is bright. I believe we can do greater things through the conviction that we all can lend a hand in shaping the future of our society. I believe that you, as a teacher, have a role to play in shaping my future. I believe my stay in this institution will completely shape my future. I believe my mom and dad have done the best to give me the best in life. I believe that family remains a central figure in any young individual’s life. I believe that my family is the best in the world. Â  I believe that San Antonio will benefit from my leadership skills when I run for the mayor. I believe UTSA is a great institution that has offered me a platform to acquire knowledge and skills in an environment few only dream of. I believe the economy is stable and opportunities for businesses to grow are high. I believe the world is constantly changing, and the advent of social media and technological advancement is providing students and young individuals platforms to be creative and innovative. I believe my major will project me to the world as a person with the knowledge and skills. I believe my friends are the best, they are like family and I thank God for them. I believe my job will enable me to travel the world, changing lives and making it a better place.

Essay on American Revolution in Popular Culture - 1

On American Revolution in Popular Culture - Essay Example It was a bitter experience for those who lived then. This made the fight for freedom and the eventual freedom even sweeter. There is a lot of material in popular culture that seeks to re-create the events back then. One of these novels is Saratoga: A Novel of the American Revolution. The writer is David Garland. This novel was published in the year 2006. At the very beginning, the novel starts in May 19771. The colonies, which today make the United States, unilaterally declare their independence from the Crown. This is obviously not a situation to be treated lightly on the part of the British. They organize a military response that is less than effective. Their initial assumption was that they could easily crush the uprising by isolated groups of revolutionaries. However, they are met by more resistance than they anticipated. The main character in the novel is Captain Jamie Skoyles, a soldier attached to the 24th Foot of the British army. He is a seasoned fighter. One of the interferences of popular culture in as far as the factual depiction of this war in the novel is concerned is a love affair that Skoyles is embroiled in with Elizabeth Rainham who is already engaged. This is a constant feature in popular culture. The need to romanticize war is very prevalent in popular culture. It stems from the fact that romance attracts audiences that naturally would not be drawn to war. These might include women. The rigours of war when soothed by a strong love affair seem bearable. Skoyles is also depicted attending and even meting out floggings to errant soldiers and even enemy combatants. This is an image that has been invented by popular culture. There is the belief that the most effective soldier is the one who does not shy away from violence. This popular culture construct is alive and well today. There are soldiers to day who are rewarded with the nation’s highest honors’ for performing extraordinary and fearless acts. One that comes to mind is that of a

Introduction to American Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Introduction to American Government - Essay Example The presence of many children combined with puritans stress on the importance of reading the bible led to widespread concern for the education of the youth. Small schools were thus established and boys and girls were taught basic reading by the parents or school. Grandparents were quickly created since people married young with marriages lasting longer and producing more children. Church membership was obligatory for voting in colony elections. All New Englanders were required to attend religious services, whether or not they were church members and people for expressed contempt for ministers could be punished with fines and whippings, the puritan colonies attempted to enforce strict codes of moral conduct. Colonies there could be tried for drunkenness, card playing, dancing or even idleness. Couples who had sex during their engagement were fined and publicly humiliated, men and a handful of women, who engaged in behaviors that today would be called homosexual were seen as especially sinful and reprehensible and some were executed. This and much more, was later to cause fierce rivalries leading to wars for freedom and independence.The Middle Colonies included the colonies of Delaware, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. Many of these people didn't bring their families with them from England and were the perfect workers for the hard work required in ironworks and shipyards. Factories in Maryland produced iron, and factories in Pennsylvania produced paper and textiles.

Consultancy Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Consultancy Project - Essay Example A warehouse that requires little or no electric lighting during daylight hours reduces significantly the amount of energy it consumes. In relation to distribution, the items that Amazin supplies to customers are packaged and transported and both processes can have a negative impact on the environment. In order to facilitate a reduction in carbon footprint recycled material is recommended for packaging goods. Transport is also responsible for high levels of carbon footprints and so proper planning and improvements in distribution logistics are critical to the efficient and effective management for the transport and delivery of goods to Amazin’s customers. Planning transport logistics efficiently will help reduce transportation costs and carbon footprints significantly. In fact a number of companies including Tesco are finding ways to improve distribution logistics and thereby reduce carbon footprint. Gazeleys, is a business development officer who also offers consultancy services to companies in the area of sustainable warehousing and distribution. In fact, Gazeley’s provides solutions for warehousing and distribution of goods. There is a minimum standard for comparing items. The baseline facility is a basic facility which meets the requirements for environmental sustainability. This facility can be used as a starting point for Amazin and later it could be used to facilitate further improvements in the company’s sustainability efforts. The information in Table 1 indicates that the facility will cost approximately  £4.3bn to develop. The figures for the various elements were derived from information from suppliers and include the cost of installation of roof, panels, doors and roof lights. The materials are of the highest quality and some of them have been purchased from companies that have received recognition for their efforts towards sustainability. These companies supply goods that meet Carbon

Puplic Opinion and Political Communication - International Political Essay

Puplic Opinion and Political Communication - International Political Communication - Essay Example The September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center prove the universality of the statement that nothing in this world is fireproof. Nothing, and absolutely nothing – is completely free from unprecedented terror. Today, the United States will vouch for that, as Washington has taken all possible damage-control measures to ensure that its people breathe easy. However, unforgettable times can never be erased completely – they can just remain hidden. While the attack on the WTC on September 11 woke America from its complacency, what followed the attack is nothing short of incredulous. The attack affected not just Americans, but also those â€Å"millions of people† all around the world who had depended on America for a better life. Consequently, Washington had to answer its citizens – all of them. The visible damage control measures involved a steady deal of deliberation, a great deal of communication, and a massive amount of persuasion. America’s communication arsenal was put to the finest test – as the country had to answer to visibly all related parties – from citizens to trade partners. The damage was done – when two architectural marvels were torn down – but the damage control required America to sharpen its most potent weapon, and unarguably, the most required weapon – communication. Indeed, intelligent and thoughtful political communication techniques were the only tools that could bail America out of distress. If communication techniques were not up to the mark, America would have lost millions in terms of investment, damage to property, and loss of life. If today, America is again on its feet, it is all thanks to the marvelous communication techniques employed in those times of distress. So, in this research paper, we will attempt to look at the communication angle with respect to 9/11 attack closely. The impact of 9/11 was felt all around the world, and America has so far done a fine job in

Swallowing and Prediction of Dysphagia Severity Essay Example for Free

Swallowing and Prediction of Dysphagia Severity Essay Introduction: Daniels, McAdam, Brailey, and Foundas (1997) reviewed literature from Linden, Kuhlemeier, and Patterson (1993) and examined signs of aspiration, but specifically six risk factors, including dysphonia, dysarthria, abnormal gag reflex, abnormal volitional cough, voice change after swallow, and cough after swallow. They then designed their study in an attempt to link the six signs of aspiration to the diagnosis and severity of dysphagia. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the six risk factors approximated the VSS in identification of dysphagia severity (Daniels et al. , 1997). It was hypothesized that the presence of any one factor could predict at least mild dysphagia or normal swallowing on a video fluoroscopic swallow study (VSS) and that two factors could predict moderate dysphagia. Methods (Procedures): Fifty-nine male veterans, ages 41-88, with recent neurological deficits were recruited for the study and had one of the following issues: unilateral left hemispheric damage (22 men), bilateral hemispheric damage (18 men), and bilateral hemispheric damage (13 men), or brainstem lesions (6 men). The men were assessed by a neurologist using CT or MRI scans upon admission to view and localize lesions. They were then rescanned 2 weeks later if the initial scans yielded negative results. Excluded from the study were agitated patients and patients with a history of disorders and diseases other than stroke that would cause dysphagia. Within 5 days of admission, the men were given an oropharyngeal exam of gag reflex, volitional cough, speech, and voice. A video fluoroscopic assessment was also given that consisted of 3,5,10, and 20 ml, and  ½ tsp of barium paste along with half of a cookie to be swallowed. A swallow study was also performed by administering 5 ml of liquid, and then giving 10 and 20 ml volumes, which were administered twice each, unless the patients immediately had a negative reaction such as a cough. After each swallow, the men phonated â€Å"ah† to see if there was a change in vocal quality. Results: The VSS served as the outcome variable in determining dysphagia severity, which ranged from mild dysphagia to normal swallowing (scores 0-1; 1 if two or more of the six risk factors were present and 0 if one or less were present) to moderate to severe dysphagia (scores 2-4). The reliability for the scores was 92%. 74% of the 59 patients had varying dysphagia severity, while 5.1% had severe dysphagia. 13.6% had moderate to severe dysphagia along with aspiration, while 25.4% had moderate dysphagia, and 25.4% had normal swallowing. 47% had dysphonia, 63% had dysarthria, 27% had abnormal volitional cough, 42% had abnormal gag reflex, 41% had a cough after swallow, and 19% had voice change after swallow (Daniels et al., 1997). Discussion/Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that this clinical assessment has utility in the evaluation of acute stroke patients with probable dysphagia who may be at risk for the development of aspiration (Daniels et al., 1997). Also discussed was the fact that this assessment does not account for silent aspiration. In conclusion, early detection of aspiration by using this short assessment can reduce aspiration and pneumonia in patients if addressed early in their hospital stay. Commentary: This article provides helpful information for clinicians practicing in a medical setting. The article includes a flow chart to help determine which patients require further evaluation. Ill and physically challenged patients can avoid the physical distress of unnecessary testing with a proper bedside evaluation, and moderate to severe respiration can be caught early to prevent pneumonia. This study was performed in 1997, and clinicians are still using this method today, proving its reliability in early detection of aspiration.

Benefits of DuPont Analysis

Benefits of DuPont Analysis The dynamic environment of the world today suggests that one should be apt enough to apply his skills immanent to a system and also external with respect to credit management function. These functions include financial planning, plausibility of a defined business strategy or whether a particular merger or acquisition is feasible or not. This has to be done in a rapid yet meaningful way so as to be of immediate need to a particular firm or investor. There are basically four major reasons for an effective financial statement analysis. These have been mentioned as follows: It is useful for long-run business viability so as to determine whether a firm would be able to provide adequate business return when compared to the amount of risks taken. This is essential for outside investors. It is also used by creditors so as to find out whether a potential buyer has the capability to service the loans that are being made or not. Also, the analysts concerned about the internal development of a firm, require financial statement analysis so as to monitor the outcome as a result of applying the policy decisions, to make future predictions with regard to the performance targets, and also make an assessment of the capital needs of a company. The function of DuPont analysis in this is that it is used as a tool to provide an overview of financial statement analysis for the purposes as stated and also provide a focus for such analysis. In order to assess the financial health of a firm from the perspective of an insider or an outsider, there are four major areas that are covered. These have been stated as follows: Liquidity Leverage Operational Efficiency Profitability In this process, the DuPont analysis can be used as a compass so as to help the analysts find out the areas that are of significant strength and weakness (as applicable) from the financial statements. DuPont analysis stands as an appropriate place to commence the financial statement analysis as it measures the Return on Equity (ROE). As this indicates the rate of growth of the ownersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wealth, it becomes one of the most important ratios. So, DuPont analysis might not be able to provide a detailed description just like a proper financial statement analysis, but it certainly stands places in providing an excellent snapshot an impeccable starting point of financial analysis. It covers the major areas of profitability, operating efficiency and also leverage. It can be seen in the form of equations as follows: ROE = (Net Income/Sales) X (Sales/Average Assets) X (Average Assets/Average Equity) Net Income/ Sales: Profitability Sales/Average Assets: Total Asset Turnover Average Assets/Average Equity: Leverage Multiplier Further, as the requirement of the company stands, one can also calculate the Return on Assets (ROA) by making a DuPont Chart. This can be done in the following manner: ROA = (Profit before Income and Tax/ Total Assets) = (PBIT/Sales) X (Sales/ Total Assets) DuPont Calculations and Analysis (Note: In this case we are making a comparison of two years) Profitability: Net Income/Sales 2008 6,536,358,000/ 17,868,672,000 = 36.5% 2009 3,080,531,000/ 16,015,133,000 = 19% This ratio indicates the rate at which a company uses the sales to generate profits for the company. One can see that it has decreased tremendously over a year. This suggests that the company has been trying to lure the customers with better benefits so as to decrease its profits. As the total sales have increased only marginally, it indicates that the market is in a risky position with companies cutting on profits to maintain previous customers and generate new ones. Total Assets Turnover: Sales/Average Assets: Total Asset Turnover 2008 17,868,672,000/ 54,790,875,000 = 0.32 2009 16,015,133,000/ 60,690,798,000 = 0.27 Return on Total Assets indicates how well a company has been using its assets to generate sales. It is significant as a company might be generating a huge amount of profit out of sales involved, but then it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t check the efficiency with which it is using the assets for generating the amount of sales involved. In this, case the operating efficiency has decreased which means that the company has either made long-term installations which have not been used to implement sales in the best possible manner or there is a deficiency in the company functioning. Leverage Multiplier: Average Assets/Average Equity 2008 54,790,875,000/ 36,536,040,000 = 1.5 2009 60,690,798,000/ 36,000,753,000 = 1.68 The leverage multiplier is used for determining the debt financing as compared to the equity financing of a company. Generally, if a company increases the debts over equity for financing its requirements, it does it as the cost of debt is less because of tax-deductible interests but then there is a larger risks involved here. A company would have to pay a certain amount for sure before they can make use of the net income. Here, the ratio has increased indicating the fact that Emaar has taken more debt than a year before which means that it requires immediate funding to carry out its operations. Return on Equity The above results can be combined to calculate the DuPont ratio which in this case is ROE. ROE for 2008: 18% ROE for 2009: 8.5% Now, we know that ROE determines the profit as compared to the shareholdersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ equity. This has decreased over a span of one year which signifies the fact that the company would find it difficult to arrange for internal cash as it seems less attractive for shareholders. This is also evident from the fact that leverage multiplier had increased significantly. Gross Profit Margin: EBIT/ Sales 2008 7,053,765,000/ 17,868,672,000 = 0.394 2009 6,811,358,000/ 16,015,133,000 = 0.425 The gross profit margin of the company has increased which is again indicative of the fact that the company is paying too much of interests which decreases the net income. Return on Assets 2008 12.0% 2009 5% The net return on assets of the company has also decreased indicating the fact that the company has so far not made the type of income it has been looking to make with the assets that it has. This shows that the company looks to make long-term benefits out of the assets that it has generated.

An Analysis Of The Genesis 22 Religion Essay

An Analysis Of The Genesis 22 Religion Essay The chapter begins with a pattern of introduction that usually suggests a new wave in the trend of events. And it came to pass after these things, that God did tempt Abrahamà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. In verse 20, the same introduction is used in stating that Abrahams brother Nahor had been born children by Milcah. It is known from the onset that God is testing Abraham. The primary aim of the test is to teach Abraham that obedience and commitment are vital to keeping covenants. Obedience to covenant obligations brings guarantee of the fulfilment of Gods promises and fresh bestowal of the blessings that go with covenant keeping. God calls Abraham to take his son Isaac, whom he loves very much to a land which he will show him and offer him for a burnt offering (verse 2). The practice of human sacrifice in ancient near-eastern society is here revealed. In verse 3, Abraham obeys Gods command without any grudges, rising up early in the morning and taking along with him the persons and materials needed to perform the sacrifice. His response to Gods call Behold, here I am shows Abraham has entrusted his future and life into Gods hands. He makes himself totally available for Gods purpose. The prophet Isaiah showed a similar attitude in his vision. Abraham surrenders totally to God knowing he was going to be the founding father of Israel. An important truth is learnt about what happens when Gods word is followed-up with obedience in verse 4. He lifted up his eyes and sees the place of the sacrifice from a distance. He did not need God to speak again for him to ascertain the place. Revelation and divine knowledge and insight follow obedience to the word. Verse 5 shows Abraham leaving his servants behind in the Journey and moving on with Isaac. It seems true worship is a personal thing that often involves the individual going beyond the point where most people can or are willing to go. His faith is unshaken in his confession that he and the lad will go, worship and come back. He understands this is a test and so far, he seems to be doing well. Isaac, the object of the worship is not oblivious of the happenings around him. He is aware a burnt offering is to be performed but does not see any lamb for it. This makes him curious, and even though he was later bound up by his father for the sacrifice, he did not resist ( 7-10 ). Abraham demonstrates his faith once again in God by assuring Isaac of Gods providence ( verse 8). In some way, the whole story is allegorical. Isaac is portrayed as a type of the Christ to come, for as Jesus carried his cross to the place of his crucifixion so Isaac carries the wood for the sacrifice demanded by God(22: 6). Abraham is seen often assuming the status of a god-figure. Twice he is called upon, both by God and Isaac and he responds, here I am'(1). His response with this phrase is reminiscent of the revelation of God(Yahweh) when He speaks to Moses( Ex. 3:14). In Jesus confrontation with the Pharisees, the same title he uses pitches him against them because they taught of him as a blasphemer equating himself with God. This same statement by Abraham is not only indicative of his total availability to God. It in some way makes the parallel of Abraham as a God-figure tenable in the same way that Isaac, the object of the sacrifice is representative of the true lamb in the new testament, Jesus Christ. Isaac carries the wood for the burnt offering ( 6 ), as Christ carries his cross. The place of the sacrifice in the land of Moriah( verse 2) is later seen in the mountain of Jerusalem where Solomon eventually built the temple of the Lord (2 Chron. 3: 1). It plays on the Hebrew word to see (raa) used by Abraham in verses 8 and 14 as to provide. The fact that Abraham was the first to offer a sacrifice there when he eventually offered the ram caught in the ticket shows that he first instituted true worship to God. He was the first to worship God there. It took Abraham three days to find the place of worship. This is probably a half-way point of the entire journey to and fro that would take about seven days. In verse 9, Isaac is bound by Abraham, ready to be slain, yet he does not resist even though his father had already told him that God will provide a lamb for the sacrifice. He is a type of the Christ described in Isaiah 53: 7 who as a lamb brought to the slaughter, opened not his mouth. Abrahams reply to Isaacs question that God will provide himself a lamb for the sacrifice (verse 8) is an act of his faith in God. He had earlier obeyed Gods command to go somewhere to sacrifice his son. Now, he has to assure his son that the object of the sacrifice will be provided. In verse 10, Abraham demonstrates his faith totally by stretching forth his hand with the knife to slay the lad. God sees Abrahams heart that he truly fears him and speaks through his angel from heaven. God is pleased with Abrahams willingness to entrust all his future into his hands. Verse 13 shows Abrahams faith yielding fruits. He had told his son that God will provide a lamb for the burnt offering. Now, the Lord has indeed provided. He sees a ram caught in a bush by its horns and uses it for the sacrifice. Abraham later calls the name of the place Jehovah-jireh, acknowledging that God had indeed seen to or provided. Verses 15- 18 is a re-affirmation of covenant promise by the same angel of the Lord that spoke earlier on. God gives his word through his angel in promise to Abraham that he will bless him and multiply his seed as the stars of the heaven because he has obeyed his voice, trusted him and was willing to sacrifice for covenant. His seed shall posses the gate of their enemies and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed through them. Covenant promise earlier made demands obedience and faithfulness. Now faithfulness in that covenant walk has brought more assurance of more blessings. In verse 19, Abraham returns to his servants and they go and dwell in Beersheba. The underlying theme in the story is the fact that human sacrifice which was a core part of societal life is here seen to be abolished and replaced with animal sacrifice. Infant sacrifice was customary to the nations that dwelt about Abraham and would later become an important practice in Israel (2 Kings 16: 3). Israels realization that the first born belongs to the Lord resulted in their seeking alternative sacrifice that would redeem the first born. Abraham pioneers Israels change from the practice of the other nations through Gods direction to redeem his son by the ram. In verses 21 to 24, the writer notes that Abraham receives news of the children that have been born to his brother Nahor through Milcah. Perhaps the news of multiple bodily fruitfulness is a sign of the promise by the angel of the Lord. The children born to Nahor are Huz, Buz, Kemuel, Chesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel. Rebekah, the wife Abrahams servant would later choose for Isaac is the daughter of Bethuel mentioned here. Kemuel is the father of Aram. Nahors concubine Reumah also bore him four children by name Tebah, Gaham, Thahash, and Maachah. This part of the chapter completes the geneology to the second generation of the children of Terah, besides the children born to Abraham by Keturah (25: 1-6). Abraham had fathered Isaac. Now, the younger brother Nahor has twelve children; eight by his wife Milcah, and four by his concubine Reumah. Jacob, Abrahams grandson would later have the same number of children by his wives and concubines. Out of the twelve children born to Nahor, three would become names of places or nations. In Genesis 10: 23, Uz is mentioned as a son of Aram. It is the homeland of Job (Job 1: 1). This is probably northern Edom. The country of Buz is the homeland of one of the friends of Job (32: 2). In Genesis 24:15, Bethuel is seen as a personage. Buz is home to one of Jobs friends ( Job32: 2). Hazu (and Bazu) are mentioned by the 7th century Assyrian king Esarhaddon. In short, Abrahams entire family is blessed even though his youngest sibling Ur, who had fathered Lot had died in Haran. Conclusion Faithfulness is key to keeping covenants. Afterwards, blessings follow. God is faithful. The question is; are we ready to walk in faith with him as Abraham did?

Ernest Hemingways Life and Image :: History

Ernest Hemingway's Life and Image Ernest Hemingway was born on a July morning in 1899. Born at home in Oak Park, he was raised a conservative with strong values. While his father taught him to hunt and fish, his mother taught him music, her former profession. Though his mother’s music lessons helped him throughout his life, he didn’t particularly enjoy the lessons and spent as much time in the woods as he could manage. Nature became Hemingway’s world, the place where he could go and pull from it the essence of his writing. No matter what happened in his life he could always find refuge in a quiet meadow or a lulling forest. Inspired by nature, Hemingway used it to form a force that became both a backing and almost a character in his books, that would speak to a reader and tell them that a story wasn’t over, simply because it never truly ends. People look back at Hemingway’s life as if it was one of his novels. He is not seen as a writer but as a personage of writing. At a young age of 18, in 1917, Hemingway enlisted as an ambulance driver in World War I, after quitting his job at the Kansas City Star. Hemingway didn’t make it three weeks into his service. While in Schio, Italy, he was injured by an exploding mortar, perforating his legs with shrapnel. In spite of this, it is said that he carried a wounded Italian to a first aid station; this earned him an Italian Silver Medal. For the next year, Hemingway used his insurance from the war to avoid work. He would spend his time at the library or speaking about the war. Eventually he met Harriett Connable while speaking, who saw Hemingway’s confidence and control. Connable asked him to tutor her son. He accepted, as her husband introduced Hemingway to the editor of the Toronto Star Weekly, who he wrote for even when he moved to Paris. While in Paris he covered the Geneva Conference, and the Greco-Turkish War. Hemingway and his first wife Hadley moved back to Toronto though, when she became pregnant. In 1925, two years after his son John was born, Hemingway wrote In Our Time, and a year later The Sun Also Rises. These two novels were great successes, and led to his Farewell to Arms, which is considered by many a paramount to all World War I novels.

Coastal Erosion :: science

Coastal Erosion With Reference to examples discuss the view that coastal erosion is caused by human intervention as a posed to natural processes. For many decades the approach to rapid coastal erosion was to build up sea defenses, to try and slow down or even stop the erosion. Initially the attempts were thought a success, however after some years it was realized that the power of the sea and waves could overcome human attempts. Only could protection be a success if huge costs were going to be involved. Many methods around the British Isles have taken place in he last 50 years with many failures occurring. It is very rare to find a coastline that shows a decrease in the rate of erosion over many years after defenses are in place. In fact in places the defenses seem to have speeded up the erosion process. Coastal erosion is a natural process of erosion, transportation and deposition, interfering with this balance could be to blame for the rise in erosion on the coasts of some areas. Groynes have been built out to sea in many areas of the British coastline. Their aim is to trap material and thus slow down the rate of long shore drift. However, these groynes in some areas are been blamed for the rise in erosion rates further down the coast. On the Holderness coastline in Humberside, erosion is taking place at a rate of about 2 meters per year. Along this coast there is a strong action of long shore drift taking place, which over centuries has produced a spit to form on the southern tip of Holderness, called Spurn Head spit. The spit is over 4km long and 100 meters wide. The majority of this coastline is glacial till, a soft fragile material, which is easily eroded. This however is not thought of as the only reason for the rapid rates of erosion. Human interference is thought to be another cause, as a result of the sea defenses put in place. A rock groyne was built at Mappleton, to create a wider beach. This in turn would help protect the coastline, by absorbing the wave energy. Then at Withernsea a concrete sea wall with a splash back and boulder rip-rap in front of it was created. These defenses were to cause great problems. The groyne meant that material moving down the coast by long shore drift would get stuck behind the groyne.

The American West

I believe this cartoon was published in the early 1840's to persuade people to not become Mormons. The Mormons were unpopular during the 1840's as they had different beliefs to the rest of the settlers. They believed they had found the second part to the bible in America, no one really considered the Mormons a serious religion until Joseph Smith set up a church. People were often jealous of the Mormons as the Mormons believed in working hard to obtain success and money. Mormons also followed polygamy like the Native Americans, people disrespected them because of this and as the picture shows the man hiding from his many wives, who are fighting and the children, which are crying on the floor. I believe this cartoon was published in the early 1840's to persuade people to not become Mormons. The cartoon shows an un-ideal life as everyone is making chaos, this would deter people from becoming Mormons as it shows people what is supposed to go on inside the Mormon life. Because people hated the Mormons for whatever reason, the man is put across as a coward as he is hiding away from what is happening. This cartoon was probably used to create a general impression of the Mormons. I think the Mormons were able to complete their journey across the Great Plains and into the Rockies from what I am shown in the source as the Mormon's seem to be well supplied and travelling in large groups. You can tell that the Mormon's were well supplied and organised because they built log houses to keep warm and safe during the winter, we can also assume that the journey was taking them a long time as the log houses are permanent building which would not have been easy to build or move. I don't think the Mormon population suffered that badly during the crossing despite losing 700 people to illness or starvation as due to polygamy there was a lot of children who would grow up to continue the Mormon faith. I think so many people died because of starvation because in the photo there is no evidence of food or any sources of food. The source shows us a scene in which the Mormons seem to be doing quite well as the have shelter, protection and transport as well as this because the Mormons were friendly with the Native Americans they didn't have the fear of raids. Source C tells us that some Mormons didn't find Salt Lake as impressive as they first assumed. They said that the land was beautiful, but there were no resources for building and they were relying on the land to be fertile, otherwise they would have no food. Some of the Mormons would think of ideas that could work, they would then work hard to achieve them as this is what they believed in. Some of the Mormons will have seen prospect in the land and others will have tried to make the most out of what they could see, ‘There is little prospect for log houses, but we can make Spanish bricks', from the journal of William Clayton from the Mormon Pioneer Band which reached Salt Lake first. I believe that the Mormons were disappointed in the appearance of Salt Lake. However they also believed that there was prospect in the land and surrounding area, so they made the most of what they had and since the rest of the settlers hated them they could start a purely Mormon society.

Organizational Development: Discussion Questions

workweek Five intervention Questions Deep-level abilities atomic number 18 fast related to call(a)ing bring to passance. As a restrainr, how could you use the association that people disagree to increase the uniformliness an employee will perform his or her melody well? What challenges does this wedge when managing a divers(a) workforce? * As a executive program it is my job to check a irenic and productive atmosphere. I have galore(postnominal) dissentent subjects of employees that differ from age, knowledge, race and gender.Not all of my employees get along with distributively early(a) but they each hold their throw abilities and skills. I discipline the abilities together where they atomic number 18 needed and jibe the best I give the axe as if their personalities are like Legos. It is a ageless tug of warfare as it neer fits exactly. * Employees often larn qualify as threatening. What are well-nigh of the sources of resistor to revision, and what can you as a manager do to overcome that resistance? * There are numerous reasons wherefore employees resist change. 1.Loss of business concern is thought of, distressing communication occurs comm wholly (You may not get the correct story / Rumors occur) reverence of the unknown overlook of Competence and worthless timing. What role does revolution play in managing change? What are some realistic strategies for managing diversity? What mould does diversity educate have on organizations? * Diversity is a range of contrasting things or a variety. I would intend that diversity and change would walk evanesce & hand. You can manage diversity by dint of the hiring process and repeat pedagogy.Socratic Seminar QuestionsThe determine in education is a tyrannical and will commence the message if only the education is enforced during normal business. Does the type of change cosmos planned hazard the strategy for managing the change? Explain and lead an example. * Chan ge should eer have a well-planned strategy beforehand implementing. You should also oversee the situation so you can wait on employees adapt. If you walk into the duty and just despatch out changes without having prudish answersOrganizational emergence Discussion QuestionsWeek Five Discussion Questions Deep-level abilities are closely related to job performance. As a manager, how could you use the knowledge that people differ to increase the likelihood an employee will perform his or her job well? What challenges does this pose when managing a diverse workforce? * As a supervisor it is my job to make a peaceful and productive atmosphere. I have many different types of employees that differ from age, knowledge, race and gender.Not all of my employees get along with each other but they each hold their own abilities and skills. I fit the abilities together where they are needed and match the best I can as if their personalities are like Legos. It is a constant tug of war as it never fits exactly. * Employees often see change as threatening. What are some of the sources of resistance to change, and what can you as a manager do to overcome that resistance? * There are numerous reasons why employees resist change. 1.Loss of Job is thought of, Bad communication occurs normally (You may not get the entire story / Rumors occur) fear of the unknown Lack of Competence and poor timing. What role does diversity play in managing change? What are some possible strategies for managing diversity? What influence does diversity training have on organizations? * Diversity is a range of different things or a variety. I would believe that diversity and change would walk hand & hand. You can manage diversity through the hiring process and repeated education.Socratic Seminar QuestionsThe influence in education is a positive and will convey the message if only the education is enforced during normal business. Does the type of change being planned affect the strategy for managi ng the change? Explain and provide an example. * Change should always have a well-planned strategy before implementing. You should also monitor the situation so you can help employees adapt. If you walk into the office and just throw out changes without having proper answers

College Worth? Essay

College is a place for higher rearing. some state go there for further occupy e real year. Meanwhile, plenty of not bad(predicate) deal skip college or drop out of college. Sort of state entrust college is not value because it make up too much. around people believe college is deserving because you pull up stakes commensurate to get a good job when you attribute a phase. Yes, because being a college ammonia alum nookie overhaul you gain more(prenominal) than the m aney you washed-out to feed for college.College is worth it because you allow have a crack job and pay then you force out support yourself and your family. College student debt incurs year by year, which sum many students atomic number 18 uneffective to pay stick out their loan because they drop out of college or unable to find a job that can help they pay for their loan. However, it is just an excuse for those who did not coda college. In fact, according the obligate The (Non-Monetary) Val ue of a College compass point, Elia Powers writes In 2005, a soulfulness with a professional degree could extend to situate $100,000 a year, compargond with less than $32,000 for a high instill graduate and $51,000 for a graduate of a four-year college this sequencency college graduate can remove much more money than high school graduate. similarly, in the term College Student Debt Grows. Is It Worth It? NPR Staff state For students graduating this year, Kantrowitz estimates that their debt go forth be about $27,000 this means people broadly borrow about $27,000 for college. Assume you graduate from college and watch $51,000 every year. You can pay $500 monthly. past your debt provide be clear with 5 years. Of program if you argon only high school graduate and earning $32,000 per year. You are not able to pay cover song the loan because the money is only support for your hold life expenses.Although finishing college requires much effort and time, college is worth i t because college can lead you to dumbfound a healthier person. Finishing college can help you to make healthier decisions. When you are in college, you are considering about yourself and your future. You leave able to determine what is good for you and what is bad. As the article The (Non-Monetary) Value of a College peak, Elia Powers mentions Of those 25 or above, roughly 25 portionage of people whose educations stopped at high school smoke, compared with 10 percent of those who earned a bachelorsdegree or higher, this means people who are college graduate roughly alike(p)ly quit pot or do not smoke. As we fuck smoking is a bad habit that will damage human health. So they made a healthy choice which is to stay away from smoking. Also at the same article above, Elia Powers utter for instance, more than 60 percent who were in the 25-34 age range verbalise they exercised vigorously at least(prenominal)(prenominal) once a week. Thats compared with 31 percent of high sc hool graduates who said the same. This means 60 percent of college graduate exercise frequently so they can keep their body in health shape. We all know living in a healthy way is important because no one desires to get sick. Healthy is precious now because people realize health is our wealth.Although some factors may cod you going to college, college is still worth it because you will become a responsible citizen who can return to our society. The roughly important thing for a province is its citizen. The disposal needs money to run so we pay taxes and we can chose the best person to lead and cleanse our country. Then we can have a better life. In the article The (Non-Monetary) Value of a College Degree, Elia Powers states Forty-three percent of those fall outed with at least a bachelors degree said they volunteered in 2006, and they reported doing so for a average of 55 hours. This means college graduate people will more likely to serve for our society. This can make our e nvironment better. Also, as The (Non-Monetary) Value of a College Degree Elia Powers mentions In every age category, college graduates thread ballots at a higher rate than those who didnt receive a diploma. The trend is particularly say for the 25- to 44-year-old group, in which 76 percent of college graduates voted, compared with 49 percent of high school graduates. This means college graduate are also more willing to vote too. They want to be involved in the election. This is good for the country of the country. We all deserve the right to enjoy the induction of our country however, we have the duty to serve our country too. College can make you become a good citizen who can improve our society.College is worth it also because it will build your personality and grow intellectually. Some people think college is a risky investment because ifyou are taking more debt, and unable to pay stomach afterword, you will be in big trouble. However, if you think more deeply about what els e college can shape to you you will see college can actually take on you more rewarding as specifys. In the online article Is College worth it? from PewResearchCenter, the Pew Social Trends Staff said Among survey respondents who graduated from a four-year college, 74% say their college education was very efficacious in helping them grow intellectually 69% say it was very useful in helping them grow and mature as a person and 55% say it was very useful in helping them prepare for a job or career. This means the things you experience and expect in college is different and difficult to train in the reality. While you became a smarter person, is there any cost you can trade in to become a knowledgeable man?Getting a degree is hard but the most important is the flood you gained when you graduated from college. In this situation, we should try to encourage more people to get into college. People think college does not worth probably are not unblemished college. To persuade them is t o get them into college and let them experience the changes conduct by college. I think government should cut back the interest rates for college student loan so people can less consider the most common factors. Also the government can set up an alternative way to finish college like offer other type of degree which is easier to arrant(a) and government approved. Lets have people to realize that having a college education is important because this will improve the lineament of our life and country.

Bcom275 Legalization of Marijuana

Debate Paper Legalization of Marijuana Cannabis, also referred to as marijuana, is the third clinical most popular recreational drug, behind only tobacco and alcohol, in the United States (Whitehouse. gov, 2013). Efforts to legalize smoke marijuana as medicine and recreational use in the United States have grown exponentially in recent years. According to the more Food and Drug Administration (FDA) marijuana may help decrease nausea, stimulate appetite, and decrease pain (2006).So many women and men talk about Marijuana like its not a medication.Overall, 6. 9 percent, or 17. million, of the United States population used marijuana in 2010 according to the survey by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (Increase Use of Marijuana, 2011, para. 2).Where folks indicate that marijuana ought to be lawful because alcohol is more mortal how there are a lot of disagreements.

$5. 3 billion of this savings would accrue to state and central local governments, while $2. billion would accrue to the federal government† (Cost of Illegalization of Marijuana, n. d.Marijuana ought to be legal.7 billion per year, but losing potential revenue. Americans could stand to profit a non substantial amount of income if marijuana were to be legalized and regulated by the Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Revenue from double taxation of marijuana sales would range from $2. billion per year if marijuana were taxed like ordinary consumer manufactured goods to $6.Marijuana isnt legal in New Hampshire, whatever the quantity you own.

This statement is supported by evidence provided by the United States Institute of Medicine, or IOM. The IOM states â€Å"fewer than one in 10 medical marijuana smokers become regular users of the drug, and most voluntary cease their use after 34 few years of age.By comparison, 15 percent of alcohol consumers and 32 percent of tobacco smokers exhibit clinical symptoms of drug dependence† (Supporting evidence, n. d.Retail marijuana wasnt the choice among De Beque s steps.President Richard anti Nixon commissioned the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse in 1972.The primary objective the commission what was to expose dangers of drug use and provide a detailed report on marijuana. Nixons commission issued a report titled, â€Å"Marijuana: A received Signal of Misunderstanding,† which reviewed existing marijuana studies and determined marijuana does not cause physical addiction (National new Commission on Marijuana, 1974). Career Competencies (Economic and L egal) The legality of marijuana strikes much deeper than simple human physiology; it is a matter of sound economics and realistic law enforcement.Marijuana is the most commonly used drug among Americans.

Argument Against direct Contrary to popular belief, marijuana is addictive, and can lead to other health problems such as; left lung cancer, low sexual drive (libido), and of utmost importance is to address the concern of medical marijuana as a â€Å"gateway† drug. Addiction has been redefined and continually evolving for decades. Whether a given substance is defined as â€Å"addictive† in a given society or culture, has to do largely with social custom wired and political convenience. Caffeine and tobacco are largely ignored because people mainly do not care about addiction to these popular, legal, and accepted drugs, unless they are trying to quit.Pot has many benefits and it is regularly utilized by ovarian cancer patients.When an individual uses the drug it is said they withdraw into themselves and lose the connection with their partner.Research into how this phenomenon dates back to the 1970’s in which one report showed it reduces testosterone enough t o impair the libido in many women and in some men. According to this research, some of the emotional responses included: â€Å"My boyfriend and I have smoked (fairly heavily) for the past year and I would say how that it 100% has a terrible effect on our sex life. It’s been a huge libido killer for how our relationship†; â€Å"As I’ve continued to use marijuana (been almost five years smoking now) it’s inhibited sex for me few more and more† (Castleman, 2012).Therefore the reason behind marijuanas status isnt really there.

According to this study, the female rats who were administered the THC took larger doses of heroin than the rats who did not receive the THC injection (Ellgren, 2007). Upon inspection of the rat’s brain, it was discovered the brain cells associated with positive emotions were altered by the THC dosage, thus foreign lending the need for higher drive for more heroin than those without the THC.Ethical Issues More research is needed in new order to legislate the use of marijuana. Contemporary medicine and pharmacology are based upon the application of scientific principles logical and extensive clinical research to determine the safety and efficacy of a drug.Medicinal marijuana is possibly the choice of medication.Career Competencies (Psychology) Psychologists extract from all over the United States attest to the negative effects of cannabis.According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental mental Disorders (DSM) a cannabis user can develop; cannabis intoxication- development of maladaptive behavior that developed shortly after or during cannabis use; cannabis intoxication delirium- a disturbance of consciousness with reduced ability to focus, sustain, or significant shift attention; cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, with delusions- prominent hallucinations or delusions in excess of those usually associated with the intoxication; and cannabis-induced anxiety disorder- prominent anxiety, panic attacks, or obsessions or compulsions that many causes significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning American Psychiatric Association, (2000).The new DSM has other classifications for cannabis use; however the mental disturbances highlighted promote the more severe effects of continued marijuana use. Conclusion Marijuana has the reputation of being a gateway drug, although not every heroin addict started worn out smoking marijuana.Driving laws and fate of dispensaries continue to be the legalizati on date as full well as questions.

Taxation of marijuana alone would help the economy. The fact the U. S. is muscular wasting 7.Because they can charge any amount of cash for it it would also make more money, just like they did with smokes and knowing them there is going to be a awful lot of impurities.The use of Marijuana and Cultural difference between Japan and The United States The history of Cannabis in the whole country of Japan can be traced back to 300 – 500 BC. Cannabis was a widely used plant good for the majority of Japanese culture and daily lives. Cannabis fibers were used to not only create small baskets and fishing tools, but were also used in creating divine clothing for the Emperor’s. Burning of medicinal cannabis was also used for old traditions, for example rooms of worship were purified by slow burning cannabis leave by the entrance.Although some countries have started to pass laws decriminalizing cannabis usage logical not everybody thinks cannabis needs to be decriminalized. < /p>

Due to the extreme cultivating of cannabis logical and its widely uses in daily lives, Western companies found a market with deceased providing synthetic products to replace cannabis. Today, cannabis is a drug guarded and considered taboo among the Japanese culture.The common use and history of cannabis is all but forgotten within today’s Japanese society, and when it is discovered other people have, or are using it recreationally, they are shunned and casted as â€Å"stone-cold drug addicts† (Uno, 2011). Many many Japanese people consider marijuana and other ‘hard drugs’ to be the exact same and believe all drugs have the thk same effect.For this reason, you still will need to take note of the criminal such legislation in your state.With the teams view to legalize marijuana, and the culture differences between the U. S. nd Japan, the first step to move towards a ‘Pro-Marijuana’ Japanese country would be to educate the many people on the benefits cannabis can provide. As described above, the financial profit gained would be tremendous and can go own back to the people in various ways.Cannabis may be used for treatment to begin with.

Retrieved from http://www. ama-assn. rg/ african American Psychiatric Association, (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder (4th ed.Cannabis comprises a substance referred to.apa. org/topics/addiction/index. aspx Argument: Marijuana is not addictive. (n.Finally, he will increase the economy of the nation by creating business opportunities and new job and local government revenue to cover the budget deficit.

org/en/index. php/Argument:_Marijuana_is_not_addictive Bonnie, R. , & Whitbread, C. (n.For those who have questions regarding Savannahs marijuana laws or whenever you require assistance with your case, speak to the Turner good Company now.druglibrary. org/schaffer/Library/studies/vlr/vlr3. htm Castleman, Michael. Marijuanas Effects on Sex Vary with Individuals.Aside from the usage of Marijuana, there what are many chances that could be achieved following the legalization of Marijuana.

Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Marijuana logical and Sex: Surprising Results of This Bloggers Informal Survey. † Psychology Today (1 May 2011).Theres very little evidence deeds that cannabis thats utilized long term causes damage.Ellgren, Maria. â€Å"Neurobiological effects of early life cannabis exposure in relation to the gateway hypothesis† (2007). Retrieved from http://publications. ki.At length, the dangers of marijuana appear to outweigh the advantages and thats the reason marijuana.

gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2006/ucm108643. htm Hays, J. (2009).Marijuana, Legal Highs and Illegal drugs in Japan.† Medical Marijuana. Ed. Noel Merino. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011.Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 22 Mar. 2013.Retrieved March 24, 2013, from http://www. reuters. com/article/2011/09/08/usa-drugs-idUSN1E7870N520110908 Olson, D. (1998).

Robert Rauschenberg

Robert Reassurances continue to the unit newspaper of the indifferent and how does he pgraphics median(a) objects deep down his devicewhole kit and boodle to compose flora with depth, convey and lulu? sophisticated and observational in approach, coetaneous American creative person Robert Reassurances (1925-2008) has hanker been considered the groundbreaker of the red-brick nontextual minginess k nowledge dwelling, spanning his deeply twentieth to too soon 21 SST degree Celsius elegant vocation to the blurring and challenging of boundaries and distinctions amongst the aesthetic prototypical appearanceist, the ruse humans and the audience.By his junto exploration of denary imposture takes Including motion picture, shape, photography, operation and screen-printing, a good deal of Raucousnesss confide act the creative persons wide held butt of transitioning subjugate matter to cut-and-dry and piece materials, as inwardness of unbelievin g the insanity of ordinary support in the approaches of the turgid fraudists and prowess grades of his time.P artistic productionicularly in a percentage point of purloin expressionism where face-to-faceization and passing emotionally charged flora fuelled touch sensation In the artists beliefualization organism fundamental to the taste sensation of their various(prenominal) whole kit and boodle, It Is by Raucousnesss count opposite of the disconnection of the artists individualised and circadian realities that enables his work to accommodate avian-garden in kernel and exposition of delicious beauty, moderateness the audiences forwardice to symbolize his working due(p) to its planetary alkali of the ordinary.Reassurances mightiness to garble and seize mundane and Images of frequent civilisation beyond Its contextual limitations nonably lies In his creation of the art form combines, the hybrid of video and sculpture that st 1-broke conve ntions of the artists contemplate. In dispute of the recognise ism of medium specificity (an ingredient support and endorsed by many a(prenominal) art critics of his time), Robert Reassurances explicitly put twain the AD and AD forms in such combines, providing the meta-narrative to his works finished the now theoretically immensurable plane.Exemplified by one of his first combines, Monogram (1955-1959), the compilation of a stuffed fundament happy chance through a found automobile critic upon a painting transcends into a look of the artist himself, where scorn the fatuousness of the objects incorporated, their combination symbolisation deciphers the works general moment and beauty. Where Raucousnesss rising grammatical gender (I. E. Bisexuality) became undefended to check during the rand sasss, Monogram translates such themes by appropriation of the rear end as a scapegoat, re-conceptualizing the goat to its apparitional and Christian counterpart.T he tightly fitted father transcends into an object lesson of order of magnitude and its demands, mechanical drawing upon the imagery of the plague nitty-gritty in demonstration of Raucousnesss softness to set to the artistic demands of the mid(prenominal) twentieth atomic number 6 art military man, where the AD canvas base becomes appropriation of the grazing land Reassurances both symbolically destroys and feeds off would-be(prenominal) style of nonobjective expressionism, play to his proneness to watch outline expressionism fair to middling not to re-create it, rather manipulating the colour of the styles hefty strokes and mark-making to a dissertation of hysteria unified with the own(prenominal) field of operations as symbolizes by the bed.Using the methods of combines and its precedeing concept of frames dimensions, Reassurances Bed reverts the carnal deeds customary manipulation by be hung upon the debate as the canvas, substantiating the objec ts re-conceptualization and consequent assign of meat into the delegation of intimacy and the personal world. By the class period of combines, Reassurances exposes a deep in thought(p) and drop path of fundamental interaction among the artist, the art world and the audience, effectively proposing and validating the exponential guess of art and its usage in the world as a result of the internalisation of the themes and identities associated with the ordinary.

Performance Management at Vitality Health Essay

Situational digest inception live creasess headspringness Enterprises initi individuallyy started its c everying as aliveness by trade modest quantities of cosmetics from Japan. ab initio it started trade in its neighborhood and to local anesthetic corpses. soft it started overdrawing and in 1989 it changed its wedgescriber line deterrent suit by establishing its induce manufacturing speediness in the US. Its bank line keep to set ab kayoed into versatile markets as it lever shape upd its quaint provider connections and technological superiority. Its reckon of acquiring HerbaPure Nutraceuticals supportered it expand into a bleakborn human mannequin of headspringness make do and invigoration became muscularity health Enterprises. It go on its suppuration by expanding into peeled geographies until 2008 when its evolution began to stagnate. This intimation to the validation of its late descent schema where a delegation was nominate to re trospect the policies and methods of bring in the motion goals of al atomic number 53 non-sales and non-executive employees of the comp every.Drawbacks of preceding(prenominal) premenstrual syndromepremenstrual syndrome casing had 13 distinct levels of orders. This racing shell represent a fuss as animal trainers avoided either the wound of evaluating or pique their sub ordinates by near(a)-looking aver get on grade of B or C to just active of the employees. They avoided owing(p)(p) A level off to the coronate achieveers with a idolize of upset the spirit up of convention feed in way among others. and then the superlative degree instruments lacked motif to slip away playing s give-up the ghost as they f miser up to(p) akin kind of meritoriousness found incentives and refunds as their little successful co- manoeuvreers. similarly on that draw a bead on were flaws in the trustworthy methods utilise to time exertion. The compa-ratio takes into deem the deed of spell an employee has realiseed with the f setrnity. wherefore the land tenure brings them with exalted incentives up to now though their accomplishment wasnt up to the mark.For prototype an employee with mammoth work see at vivification would be gainful much when compargond to other employee who had joined latterly for the satisfactory output or or sotimes fix(p) for a slighter output, which brought contrast and dissatisfaction among theemployees. adept favour was that the abidement provided is 7-8% graduate(prenominal) when comp atomic number 18d to competitors. un slight the helping of giftes and multivariate return was impoverished in the current twist, which added to the mortification of the mettlesome achieveers. then still though dollar volume regularise decreased at liveliness delinquent to spirited compensation, in that location was sw epoch among the to a greater extent originative scientis ts and ingathering engineers as they locomote to companies where their rough work and talentss are rewarded split up, which was a great discharge to the beau monde. t and then the precise intend of premenstrual syndrome that is identifying performers to reward them and non-performers to aspire them better or in the t everyy side trail them out was non achieved with this carcass. So a large theatrical role of the employee residential area wasnt contented with the breathing constitution. in like behavior in a exceedingly warlike market as in- psyche divvy up intersection commits, push thr onet drop to digest its superlative degree talent to its competitors. additionally its product managers fatality endless want to inaugurate and arrest virgin products to defend the competition. indeed on that point was a necessitate for a retentive motion concern dodging that held employees responsible for their actions and incentivized employee cap ital punishment by religious offering compensations including salaries, bonuses and blondness. So a unseasoned exercise centering corpse was launched. line of work relationWas bleakly utilise cognitive operation circumspection dodging in energy health Enterprises Inc. utile? Pros of pertly en forced premenstrual syndromeThe revise organisation is more than tending(p) to chip in it off passing lend employees by stringently spare-time activity the scattering moulding of murder rating. in the raw premenstrual syndrome changed the compulsory regulate to congress rank strategy which helps to rank the employees foot on intercourse motion basis. This head offs a blusher hire out of honour bug out of employees when their department was failing to join teaching and ware goals. This cast corporal a unseasoned carcass of exercise-related presently and languish verge immediate kick inment and equity bonus rather than relying that on earnings growings. The tonicly designed constitution fol haplesss 4 point outdo alternatively of 13 point descale which do the manager working class easier in military rank.Cons of impertinently implement premenstrual syndrome both(prenominal) employees were indisposed(p) to perform their duties away(p) the reflect as those responsibilities were non in the reexamine arranging. So they favorite(a) sole(prenominal) to work in the domains which were interpreted into status for their reward. or so managers snarl that the advanced dispersion corpse to be authenticly inflexible. full(prenominal) do squad up motivation to make up with the tar shakeed subroutine of achievers point though they had galore(postnominal) of them. On the contrary, the low playacting squad in addition had equal add together of top achievers. The sensitive premenstrual syndrome uncover some managerial dissembling.Because managers deal non Rated rank to untested shares and deliver the high(prenominal)(prenominal) bes for their veteran(prenominal) employees no matter of their mathematical operation. thusly the red-hot member in team up efficacy be de motivated. whatever managers were loath(p) in oppositeiating mingled with their employees and get out whatever unfamiliar with(predicate) person to gauge them. Because of this received performer readiness suffer his/her rewards and incentives. about managers rotated the highest rank a middlest their employees from one social class to the next. So the object glass of ontogenesis refreshful evaluation establishment was un transactled.RecommendationsThe smart performance heed s uniond well in the watch over which collected reply from all the stirred employees. somewhat 54% of the employees were intelligent with the raw body whereas well-nigh a third gear (31%) favourite(a) the ancient system. The employees who were blissful with the new system index be high perf ormers whereas the low or mid performers aptitude squander non been laughing(prenominal) with the new system and were recommending nonagenarian system. Managers were not bright with the rigid system because it added complexness in rank and aptitude remove a bun in the oven been forced to give comminuted definition to anger employees. besides at that place were few issues with the new system, which kitty be turn to with the measures listed infra revision of the gift social bodily social mental synthesis by incorporating performance benefits tied to the below composition edifice Employees caterpillar tread to work for the exploitation of the presidential term beyond their outcome tariff.This bequeath help in makeupal product and trickle-down substance to the butt of the geological formation. So their brook organise provide alike entangle a sub course of study that corresponds whether the high society as a consentaneous is acting well o r not. group grammatical construction The performance of the team or sub social class go out likewise come to the rewards being distributed. If a section does well, all its members get benefitted and unrighteousness versa single(a) Efforts alike(p) before, single(prenominal) lot part leave as well as exhort for performance assessment. This testament spend a penny a disparate burden age for incompatible job descriptions, as per the requirement. For example A market employee leave behind accommodate a higher subdivision of organization structure than a R&D scientist who entrust bring a higher individual segment E.g. tell apart a R&D scientist has a base allowance of x and the cargos allocated to organization build, team building and individual efforts as w1, w2 and w3 with per character profit of $p, $q and $r. thereof concede constitution line= x+ (w1*p) + (w2*q) + (w3*r) coalesce piece of peremptory and congeneric Employees lead be pla ce against one another(prenominal) scarce when they are able to fulfil their core responsibilities and perform to a veritable benchmark level. As the managers apply to pin down a not Rated be to any employee who had been in the group for less than a course of study, disregardless of actual performance. not Rated ranking should be distant and appraisal should be conducted without demolishing for employees who make believe not immaculate a year. stick out structure of Managers Managers have petty(a) coil right of fulfilling staffing needs, their persuasiveness in training, development and employee relations. The saddleing age of secondary component should be change magnitude in much(prenominal) a manner so that they go int substitute this responsibility to HR, which go away be assertable if their pay structure entrust be joined to it. divers(prenominal)ial rating points for antithetical divisions divers(prenominal) division should have a different heavine ss age system of organization crop, team growth and individual efforts in their pay structure and it should be appropriately distributed to all divisions so that rewards are not concentrate in a token division. feasibleness of testimonialThe company is growing at a good rate and consequently any good word should be heedful study for its feasibility. Having different weight age for KRAs of each division is rugged to develop and dirty dog withal lead to troth betwixt divisions which notify lead to termination in synergism crossways the organization. all(prenominal) the divisions should be unbroken in reliance while formulating KRAs and their respective weight ages. As the company is growing, the divisions go forth also increase and hence this throws sustainability is questionable. manufacturestructure readjustment cornerstone be met with foeman from employees who allow not be localise to usurp excessively galore(postnominal) variables in their salary. stock-still educating employee about the benefits of this allowance good deal unclutter this issue. Creating a smash process for employees who had finished less than a year in a team rear end comfortably eliminate not Rated ranking.